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Karakalpakstan
Karakalpakstan ( (Қарақалпақстан Республикасы); (ウズベク語:''Qoraqalpogʻiston Respublikasi'') () is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. It occupies the whole northwestern end of Uzbekistan. The capital is Nukus (Karakalpak: ''Noʻkis'' (Нөкис)). The Republic of Karakalpakstan has an area of . Its territory covers the classical land of Khwarezm, though in classical Persian literature the area was known as "Kāt" (کات).
== History ==
From about 500 BC to 500 AD, the region of Karakalpakstan was a thriving agricultural area supported by extensive irrigation.〔 The Karakalpak people, who were formerly nomadic herders and fishers, were first recorded in the 16th century.〔 Karakalpakstan was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Khanate of Khiva in 1873. Under Soviet rule, it was originally an autonomous area within Kazakhstan before becoming part of Uzbekistan in 1936. The region was probably at its most prosperous in the 1960s and 1970s when irrigation from the Amu Darya was being expanded. Today, however, the drainage of the Aral Sea has rendered Karakalpakstan one of Uzbekistan's poorest regions. The region is suffering from extensive drought, partly due to weather patterns, but also largely because the Amu and Syr Darya rivers are exploited mostly in the eastern part of the country. Crop failures have deprived about 48,000 people of their main source of income and shortages of potable water have created a surge of infectious diseases.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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